Each year, around 4 million children die within the first 28 days of life – the newborn (neonatal) period. Given that these newborn deaths account for 37 per cent of all under-five deaths, improving neonatal survival is essential if MDG 4 – reduce child mortality – is to be reached.

Reducing neonatal deaths requires improving women’s health during pregnancy, providing appropriate care for both mother and newborn during and immediately after birth, and caring for the baby during the first weeks of life. Cost-effective, feasible interventions include initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth,ensuring proper cord care, keeping the baby warm, recognizing danger signs and seeking care, and giving special care to infants with low birthweight.