About 16 per cent of infants in developing countries (more than 19 million) are born weighing less than 2,500 grams; they are 20 times more likely to die in infancy than heavier babies. Those who survive may be more susceptible to infectious diseases and inhibited growth and cognitive development. They are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses in later life.

In developing countries, low birthweight often stems from the mother’s poor health and nutritional status before and during pregnancy. Key interventions to prevent it include improved food intake for pregnant women, micro nutrient supplementation, prevention and treatment of such infections as malaria, reduction of teenage pregnancy, and maternal education.